Spacing 15 x hole diameter hard rock 20 x hole diameter soft rock burden 1. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Guide to hard rock prospecting, exploration and mining in yukon 2 mineral tenure on commissioners land the quartz mining act qma is the primary legislation governing hard rock mining activities on lands in the yukon. Mining available for download and read online in other formats. Gold deposits live in igneous or metamorphic rock, which is relatively hard, as do diamonds, copper, silver, nickel and zinc source. The handbook will be of the greatest value in planning for future operations. Lacys work will continue to assist lawyers, landmen and others to gain an overview. Caterpillar offers a range of underground hard rock mining equipment and solutions to meet your high production demands and lower your cost per ton. The design of this handbook is basic to application requirements of an average largescale surface mine. A handbook on rock engineering practice for tubular hard. Environmental protection agency epa implement a multimedia, multistatute approach to dealing with the environmental concerns posed by hardrock mining. There are hard rock underground mines, and there are soft rock underground mines. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. Regardless of land ownership and mineral or other land use rights, there are often numerous authorities at these levels that must be integrated into the.
Guide to hard rock prospecting, exploration and mining in. University of rizona mining and geological engineering. Hard rock miners handbook wikipedia republished wiki 2. Basic patterns of drill holes employed in opencast mines. For mining situations the irmr mrmr system has proved to be suitable and is described in the rock mass classification section. Chapter 4 engineering classification of rock materials 631. Information circular 9465 centers for disease control.
Underground mining hard rock underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals such as those containing metals like gold, copper, zinc, nickel and lead or gems such as diamonds. Waste rock removed by mining and deposited on the surface not tailings. Many rock engineers are graduates in science or engineering, but some have mining diplomas. Chapter 4 engineering classification of rock materials. Timbers laid at right angles to each other like a log cabin used to support the roof, sometimes filled with rock or debris. Although some of the information described herein may be applicable to other types of mining operations, this handbook was prepared primarily for sand and gravel operations. Hardrock mine feature glossary undergroundexplorers. The general mining act of 1872 helped open the west by allowing individuals to obtain exclusive rights to mine billions of dollars worth of hardrock minerals, including gold, silver, copper, uranium, and other valuable mineral deposits on land belonging to the united states without having to pay a federal royalty. Hardrock mining techniquesunderground minesminings method.
This site uses and sets cookies on your computer to help make this website better by keeping the site reliable and secure, personalizing content and ads, providing social media features, and. The properties of rock fall into two broad classes. Mining also may occur on state land and tribal land in any of the states in region 10. Underground mining methods presents the latest principles and techniques in use today. The book project management for mining is an excellent handbook for the wide range of mining projects. Centers for disease control and prevention national institute for occupational safety and health. Daily website hits and downloads continue as students and professors, miners, engineers and mining executives embrace the hard rock miners handbook as an invaluable source of practical mining information. This premium finance edition has been fully revised, expanded and updated. The first edition was published in 2000 by mcintosh engineering, a mining engineering consulting company. The purpose of the qma is to encourage prospecting, exploration. Successful gold mining is generally done in two steps. Coal deposits, for instance, live in relatively soft sedimentary rock.
Mponeng is a gold mine in south africas north west province, about 65 k. In contrast soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as coal, or oil sands. A handbook for reclaiming sand and gravel pits in minnesota. I hope an ebook will be published asap because this handbook is a powerful tool in the daily project management business not only for me. Much rock engineering knowledge has become general practice through experience, and by the efforts of rock mechanics practitioners and educational institutions to propagate the best practices in the industry. The hard rock miners handbook is a reference book that deals with the underground hard rock mining industry. Although the framework focuses on understanding and improving the use of. Bedrock is the solid hard rock of the earths crustlike a cliff or like the solid rock you see in. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Hardrock underground mining how underground mining.
The mining industry is vital to the australian economy, accounting for around 32% of annual exports. Powder factors typical powder factors used in mass blasts rules of thumb rock type pf kgm3 hard 0. This third edition of the sme mining engineering handbook reaffirms its international reputation as the handbook of choice for todays practicing mining engineer. Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for. Cat underground hard rock mining equipment caterpillar. This includes underground coal and hard rock mines, as well as surface mines, stone mines, and hard rock tunnels. Mining the hard rock in the silverton san juans marshall, john on. Yamatomi encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2. University of rizona mining and geological engineering rock excavation mne 415 515.